Recognizing West Tampa as a Complex Adaptive System

The Complexity Brownbag has identified a local issue that would be fruitful to understand from a complexity perspective: the redevelopment of West Tampa. A recently published article on the topic is: “Workshop Looks at Problems Facing Growing Area” by Jose Patino Girona, The Tampa Tribune, 10-5-06. Gary Burge has provided a link to the article on the Complexity Brownbag website he created, which is: http://garyburge.com/complexity/ I posted a response there, and am re-posting it here because I am still a total novice when it comes to figuring out how to link to other sites. Definitely check out Gary’s page for additional posts from other Complexity Brownbaggers regarding the issue.

So here are my initial thoughts on the topic:

I really like David’s suggestion that we practice viewing local issues through a complexity lens by making sense of issues emerging in relation to the development of West Tampa.

It does seem that recognizing West Tampa as a complex adaptive system could be helpful to expose some of the assumptions that people living outside West Tampa make about the area, the people who live in the neighborhood, and their own motivations. I do sometimes have the sense that “redevelopment” suggests that either an area is dead, or that what exists is mostly bad and needs to be transformed “back” into something good.

As if.

When my husband and I moved to Tampa 2 years ago, we felt like we had to find a home a.s.a.p. We were living in temporary housing on MacDill Airforce Base when we arrived, and I thought I was going to go crazy living there, having previously been rooted in a vibrant, diverse community in Los Angeles. Within 2 weeks, we found a house south of Kennedy Blvd, in what we later came to learn is referred to as the “SoHo” district. We were trying to find a house somewhere between MacDill AFB and USF to split the difference, commute-wise.

Once we moved in and got settled, we started to explore the area. My husband found a dojo a few blocks north, which led us to begin exploring the neighborhoods north of us. As soon as we found West Tampa, I remember thinking, “now THIS is where I’d really like to live!” The sense of community was obvious …people sitting on their front porches chatting with one another, saying hello as we walked by. Men playing chess in the park. Kids riding their bikes. Singing and peals of laughter coming from the churches that are sprinkled throughout the neighborhood & the revival tent that went up in the summer. Guys washing cars. Women coming and going from the hair salon. Preschoolers chasing one another on the playground of their child care program.

We don’t find these things where we live, just a few blocks south. Restaurants, yes. Bars, yes. Pilates studios, yes. But with more and more condo complexes going in, the churches on the corners and houses with front porches South of Kennedy are fewer and father between…

So I got myself a library card and hung out in the library on Howard, just off Main Street in West Tampa. What a stately building, with the history of the neighborhood recorded and celebrated within. Not a huge selection of books, but more than enough to keep me well read.

And I went to Luis Doors, on the corner of Howard and Main, where at least 3 of the men are named Luis. Spent a good half hour with the youngest Luis, just hearing about the neighborhood, and getting advice on what to look for in a new front door. Felt more welcomed there than I’d felt anywhere else so far in Tampa.

I’m sure my experience of West Tampa has only provided a glimpse of what is thriving there. As a CAS, seems there are networks that aren’t just between residents as neighbors, like what you see in the homeowner’s associations of “bedroom communities,”…seems like the stores, churches, and library in West Tampa serve as means of connecting people together naturally. And there is a cultural richness…signs in English and Spanish hang in storefront windows, and from the front porch socializing I’ve walked by, it seems that black folks, Latino folks and some white folks are neighbors. (There’s probably much more diversity than that, but as a wannabe West Tampanian, that’s what I’ve noticed.) I wonder how this rich diversity has contributed to transforming exchanges within the neighborhood. I wonder how neighbors have supported one another through painful events and circumstances…my intuition is that they have. Sure would be nice to be a part of a neighborhood like that, especially these days. I’m curious about the various ways that kids as well as adults, especially recognized elders, have naturally self-organized within the neighborhood to create a community that feeds their souls…would love to hear about the ways the people who live there have come together and generated the energy that is now attracting “outsiders.”

I believe that this energy, this “potential,” more than the poverty or other “needs” of the community, is what is really drawing people to West Tampa. Residents, developers, service providers, researchers, you name it. To the extent that we outsiders refuse to acknowledge this attraction…and frame proposals to move in and “revitalize” West Tampa AS IF we are the ones offering something to the community, rather than copping to our growing awareness that we see something of great potential within the community and would like to be a part of it…well, I say shame on us. Talk about one sure way to squelch the vitality that is so attractive to begin with…

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Complexity Brownbag: October 5, 2006

Hello Brownbaggers,

There was quite a turn out at the Brownbag last week. The discussion focused on the question, “Where do we go from here?”

–Greg Teague noted that it might be helpful to ask, “What is this group?” & “What does this group foster?” to make sense of that which is emerging in the Brownbag.
–Mike Agar shared some thoughts about the unique contribution that the Brownbag group could make with regard to applications of complexity theory/science relating to social services. He suggested that the Brownbag could pursue becoming a Fractal of Plexus.
–Several people spoke about the group’s potential to contribute to USF more broadly, and to the local community, by developing the group into a Center on complexity. Frances Wallace shared information about an NSF RFP that looks like a good fit. Walt Nord noted that the development of some materials to provide a basic orientation to complexity for others at USF and in the community would be helpful.
–Gary Burge provided a brief orientation to the website he has established for the Complexity Brownbag at http://garyburge.com/complexity/ Each brownbagger can log on to post materials and comments.
–David Rigall spoke about the value of maintaining the brownbag as a space for folks to think together about complexity and its application. He again suggested that we identify an issue/topic that could serve as a “case study,” about which we each could form an opinion and bring our own expertise, collectively viewing the issue/topic through a complexity lens.
–David proposed that the West Tampa development initiative could serve as this issue, as an article on this issue was published in the Tampa Tribune that very day. We could watch the issue and analyze it with regard to the people, institutions and dynamics involved, as they reveal its complexity.
–Gary has posted a link to the Tampa Tribune article on the Complexity Brownbag website, and today at lunchtime I posted a comment…maybe some of you will do the same!
–Rich Puddy suggested that the Central Park Village project could serve as a focus as well.
–Continued exploration of technologies to support complex adaptive systems / complex responsive processes was also discussed. Jason Miller noted that The Center for 21st Century Teaching Excellence at USF offers courses on using wikis, blogs & podcasting: http://www.cte.usf.edu/

In the end, it was proposed that the Brownbag itself could serve as a case study, as we figure out how we can develop in ways that support the group / effort as a complex adaptive system. Comments included: “How might we evolve as a group such that various projects can form to feed the whole without defining what it is?” “How can we grow our efforts and always come back to an unformed center?” “The Brownbag itself provides an opportunity for us to ‘practice what we preach.’”

So now things are really getting interesting…

What’s the plan for tomorrow?
–Continued discussion of West Tampa as a CAS
–Continued discussion of Complexity Brownbag as a CAS

ALSO: PLEASE NOTE THAT THE OCTOBER 26 BROWNBAG WILL BE 12 – 2, AS WE PLAN TO ATTEND ANDY BLANCH’S PRESENTATION RE: THE FUTURE OF MENTAL HEALTHCARE (MIKE AGAR TO PROVIDE COMMENTARY).

Hope to see you tomorrow,
Same time/place (FMHI Westside D, 12 - 1 p.m.)

Allison

Comments

Complexity Brownbag: September 14, 2006

Hi Folks,

Another interesting brownbag yesterday. Here are a few of the questions that were generated and explored:

–The notions Bruce laid out in his article are a creative way of describing the transmission of ideas. Could mark-up be used to model a qualitative language of sorts that would help us better understand sensemaking processes in organizations and systems?
–Regarding McKelvey’s article: Is transcendental hindsight important in organizations and systems, as well as transcendental foresight?
–Agar’s article addresses various dimensions of living narratives. Which combinations of these various dimensions are most important in which conversations in which contexts?
–Do different types of conversations exist at different levels in an organization or system?
–How does the communication and transmission of emotion relate to sensemaking processes?
–When are in-person, whole group sensemaking sessions needed, versus ongoing processes that facilitate sensemaking (such as can be provided through a wiki)?
–How do sensemaking processes among people/groups in an organization or system lead to state changes in the system?
–How is the managerial emphasis on numbers / productivity compromising sensemaking processes?
–What would a qualitative digital dashboard look like, or is that a contradiction in terms?
–How do we notice sensemaking processes occurring (or not) in the work we are doing with/among policymakers, service providing agencies, formal providers, families and individuals?
–So what?

Of course, the most interesting part of the brownbag was the riffing in response to these questions, but it’s Friday after 5:00 and I gotta get outa here, so I’ll leave you to speculate about that part :)

Two readings/resources were suggested for next week, to further the discussion of ways to make sense of organizational/systems change processes:

1. Suddaby, R. (2006). From the Editors: What Grounded Theory is Not. Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 633 – 642.

2. “The Art of Complex Problem Solving” interactive webpages by Marshall Clemens which can be accessed at http://www.idiagram.com/CP/cpprocess.html

I’m off to Roanoke for a few days, but look forward to seeing you all next Thursday.

Take care til then,

Allison

Comments

Complexity Brownbag: September 7, 2006

Hi Brownbaggers,

We had an interesting discussion during today’s brownbag that touched on:

–Ways to get research re: complex systems funded
–Ways to share the information we are stumbling upon and gathering related to complexity
–Ways to identify a particular complex adaptive system to explore together as a means of applying what we’re learning

We decided to devote NEXT week’s brownbag to discussion of these articles:

“Telling it like you think it might be: Narrative, linguistic anthropology, and complex organization” by Mike Agar in Emergence: Complexity & Organization, which can be accessed at: http://www.ethknoworks.com/files/Eco_article.pdf

“Scholarly journals as web services: automated scholarship, memes and cyberactive articles” by Bruce Neubauer in Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, which can be accessed at http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=767628&jmp=abstract&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=1588875&CFTOKEN=96544800#abstract

“The Hive” by Marshall Poe in the Atlantic Monthly, which can be accessed at http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia

“Transcendental Foresight: Using Complexity Science to Foster Distributed Seeing” by Bill McKelvey, which can be accessed at:

http://www.billmckelvey.org/docs/TRANSCENDENTAL%20ORGANIZATIONAL%20FORESIGHT–GLASGOW–11-15-2002.pdf

Note that these are the articles that were distributed a few weeks ago, with one addition: the article by Bill McKelvey on transcendental foresight. McKelvey makes a case for the importance of transcendental foresight by quoting Prusak (1996):

“The only thing that gives an organization a competitive edge—the only thing that is sustainable—is what it knows, how it uses what it knows, and how fast it can know something new!”

He explores processes of sense-making in organizations by asking and answering two questions: “Who is doing the looking?” and “What are they looking at?” He introduces the concepts of the sub-drivers and supra-drivers of transcendental foresight. Here is a quote from the article that offers a brief description, to whet your appetite:

“I answer the question, Who’s Looking? by focusing on the microevolutionary processes comprising the corporate brain. Especially, I study how to speed up the functioning of the corporate brain and how to sharpen its ‘seeing’ ability by using phase transitions to initiate self-organizing activity aimed at collective, foresight-related search behaviors. These are the sub-drivers of transcendental foresight.

Key to this process are the adaptive tensions set up to motivate self-organization. This, then gets at the Looking at What? question. These are the supra-drivers. Here the emphasis turns to the study of longer-run, extant trends at the level above a firm-in-an-industry perspective of most extant strategic analyses—specifically analyses above Porter’s “industry drivers” (1980, 1985) and efficiency curve perspectives. Analyses of where a firm stands with respect to these broader adaptive tensions provides information that can be used to both motivate and steer phase transitions, coevolutionary events, and self-organizing behaviors. Bottom line? Supra-drivers and sub-drivers coevolve to improve organizational foresight.”

This is one of the most dog-eared articles in my personal stash of complexity lit…seems like it’s got all sorts of implications for the work we do. I am really looking forward to discussing it with you all…

Also, GARY, next week would you be willing to share with the group what you’ve been working on in developing a wiki for the group? Bruce is going to follow up with a “peanut butter wiki” too, to help us all understand what exactly a wiki is all about…

OK, that’s it for now, hope to see you next Thursday at noon, &

Take care in the meantime,

Allison

Comments

Complexity Brownbag September 7

Hi Brownbaggers,

We had an interesting discussion during today’s brownbag that touched on:

–Ways to get research re: complex systems funded
–Ways to share the information we are stumbling upon and gathering related to complexity
–Ways to identify a particular complex adaptive system to explore together as a means of applying what we’re learning

We decided to devote NEXT week’s brownbag to discussion of these articles:

“Telling it like you think it might be: Narrative, linguistic anthropology, and complex organization,” by Mike Agar in Emergence: Complexity & Organization, which can be accessed at: http://www.ethknoworks.com/files/Eco_article.pdf

“Scholarly journals as web services: automated scholarship, memes and cyberactive articles” by Bruce Neubauer in Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, which can be accessed at http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=767628&jmp=abstract&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=1588875&CFTOKEN=96544800#abstract

“The Hive” by Marshall Poe in the Atlantic Monthly, which can be accessed at http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia

“Transcendental Foresight: Using Complexity Science to Foster Distributed Seeing” by Bill McKelvey, which can be accessed at Comments

MIKE AGAR replies to FRANCES WALLACE re: Complexity & Travel-Planning

Another ABM option would be to drop the four agents randomly onto Manhattan and have them wander one block at a time in random directions until one of them found a place to sleep at which point diffusion along network links would lead to a convergence unless another agent along the way found something better, in which case convergence would aim there, etc.

You all would probably wind up in a camp under the FDR expressway, but at least it would meet the price constraint.

Mike

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Leadership in the Service of Early Childhood Mental Health

This is a great article published by the Zero to Three Policy Center on the ways in which community- and state-level leaders can facilitate systems change efforts to nurture the mental health of infants, toddlers and young children: “Advocacy Strategies to Improve Outcomes for Young Children: Interviews with Leaders at the State and Community Levels. “.

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Exploitation of Youth & Families: Perspectives on Unregulated Residential Treatment

The following is the summary submitted to the APA Press Office to announce our symposium presentation at the 2006 Convention of the American Psychological Association in New Orleans:

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Exploitation of Youth & Families: Perspectives on Unregulated Residential Treatment

Allison Pinto, Ph.D.
Monica Epstein, Ph.D.
Paul Lewis, B.B.A.
Kathryn Whitehead, B.A.

August 12, 2006
APA Convention 2006

On August 10, 2006, the American Psychological Association issued a statement reaffirming its unequivocal position against torture and abuse. APA President Gerald P. Koocher, Ph.D., stated, “Our intention is to empower and encourage members to do everything they can to prevent violations of basic human rights – at Guantanamo Bay or anywhere else they may occur. It is not enough for us to express outrage or to codify acceptable practices. As psychologists, we must use every means at our disposal to prevent abuse and other forms of cruel or degrading treatment (APA Press Release, August 10, 2006).”

This presentation focuses on mistreatment, abuse and human rights violations that youth have been experiencing in unregulated residential treatment facilities in states across the U.S., and calls for psychologists to actively respond in order to safeguard and protect youth and their families from mistreatment at the hands of U.S. owned and operated companies and programs.

To place the current concerns in context: Note that it is now illegal to use any of the following practices with regard to the treatment of U.S. detainees in Guantanamo Bay and other facilities:
o Use of phobias & fears to induce stress
o Physical training (forced calisthenics)
o Exposure to cold weather
o Sleep Deprivation
o Nutritional Deprivation
o Slapping face or stomach
o Stress positions (e.g. prolonged standing)
o Isolation greater than 30 days
o Forced Labor
o Denial of Use of Bathroom

However, each of these practices is being used to “modify the behavior” of U.S. adolescents in unregulated, private residential facilities, in the name of “therapeutic” schooling and programming.

Dr. Monica Epstein will provide an overview of the phenomena of unregulated residential treatment for youth. She will describe the private industry of residential programs that has flourished over the past 10-15 years, claiming to meet the needs of children with emotional and behavioral problems and their families. Marketing themselves as therapeutic boarding schools, emotional growth programs, and wilderness programs, among other labels, these programs offer an “innovative alternative” to families in crisis. In many states, these programs are not required to meet state licensing requirements for the residential mental health care they provide because they are not publicly funded or because they self-identify as schools rather than mental health treatment programs.

Highly disturbing reports have been published in the public media describing harsh discipline, inappropriate seclusion and restraint, substandard psychotherapeutic interventions conducted by unqualified staff, medical and nutritional neglect, and rights violations.

Kathryn Whitehead, B.A., will provide a first-hand account of her experience as an adolescent who attended an unregulated residential facility, where she experienced forced labor, exposure to extreme environmental conditions, mandatory exercise, humiliation, and patient as well as human rights violations. She will also share quotes illustrating the experiences of other youth who have recently responded to an online survey conducted by Allison Pinto, Ph.D., Whitehead, and colleagues at the University of South Florida to clarify the experience of adolescence in residential facilities. Youth experiences, in their own words, include:

o They “scared me into submission… I felt I was entering a teen prison…”
o “…had to get naked and squat while turning around in circles…”
o “I was made to get naked and humiliated- do jumping jacks…”
o “They didn’t talk to me like a human or try to comfort me as I cried…”
o “Physical activity was endless…it was meant to break us…”
o “Sleep deprivation in the longer 3-5 day workshops accompanied by very cold room temp. and carefully chosen music played at high volumes, was at times agonizing…”
o Newer students “were denied sleep until the older students were satisfied with the newcomers ‘progress’ each evening…”
o “Girls peed themselves…”
o “Many times I was hungry after I ate and couldn’t get more food…”
o “They treated us like we had no rights…we had no locks on the bathroom…staff would watch us dress, shower and sometimes even use the toilet…”
o “Some people were in isolation for months, lying on their stomach eating out of a bowl…”
o “The room was 7×7 feet, it was always cold…I remember screaming a lot…when I wasn’t, I would curl up in a ball in the corner and sing to myself…”
o “I was sexually abused while in restraints…”
o “I was pepper sprayed…”
o “My therapist stood behind me and whispered things about my rape, while playing the song I was raped to, for 4 consecutive groups sessions…”
o “At times we were forced to eat our food in the ‘push up position’ like dogs…”
o “I broke my finger while in the program and was not allowed to go to the doctor…”
o “I tried telling my parents what actually going on at that place, I was severely disciplined and my parents were told I was being manipulative…I was only telling the truth”
o “I still wake up with nightmares…”

Paul Lewis, B.B.S., will provide a first-hand account of his family’s experience with unregulated residential programming. The Lewis’ sent their 14-year-old son to a wilderness program where his rights were denied and he was mistreated, leading to his death. Mr. Lewis will explain that the intent in enrolling his son was to help improve his self esteem, learn strategies to deal with his depression and earn the necessary credits to complete 8th grade. Once enrolled, his son was not allowed to communicate with his parents, and when his parents called each day to inquire about how he was doing, they were told he was fine and assured he would be safe. They only found out later that this was not the case. On the sixth day in the program the Lewis’ son slashed his arm four times with a program supplied pocketknife; he then approached the adults in charge and told them, “Take this away from me before I hurt myself any more, I can’t take it any more. I want to call my Mom and I want to go home”. The next day the head therapist, who was not trained as a therapist, decided their son was just trying to manipulate them to get out of the program and go home, so he ignored their son’s cry for help. That night, their son hung himself only several feet from his makeshift campsite.

Allison Pinto, Ph.D. will present preliminary findings from an online survey of young adults who participated in residential programs as adolescents. She will report findings based on information from the 162 respondents who described their experience in 36 programs in 17 states labeled as therapeutic boarding schools, emotional growth academies, and behavior modification programs (as opposed to licensed residential treatment centers), in which they had no opportunity to contact an advocate if they had concerns or complaints while attending the program. Preliminary findings reveal that “patient” rights violations, inhumane treatment and abuse were reported by many youth.

With regard to “patient” rights violations, 120 youth reported that their rights were never described to them upon admission, 125 reported that their calls were monitored, 123 had letters monitored, and 114 indicated their conversations or letters were filtered or interrupted.

In terms of the violations of patients’ rights to least restrictive intervention, 82 experienced seclusion and 42 experienced restraint, and these interventions were often prompted not only by evidence of danger to self or others, but rather breaking a program rule (N = 90), saying something disrespectful (N = 68), cursing (N = 62), making a face (N = 42), or talking out of turn (N = 40).

Program practices reflective of inhumane treatment were reported by many youth, in terms of forced labor (N = 92), denial of access to bathrooms (N = 87), scare tactics (N = 84), excessive exercise (N = 75), exposure to elements — extreme heat or cold (N = 74), sleep deprivation (N = 61), nutritional deprivation (N = 51), and physical punishment (N = 36).

Furthermore, 76 individuals reported that they were emotionally, physically or sexually abused by the staff.

In response to participation in residential programming, 57 individuals endorsed items consistent with a diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, although only 2 individuals indicated that they had received a diagnosis of PTSD prior to program participation.

Of the 118 individuals who provided feedback regarding their satisfaction with the program, 90 reported that they would not recommend the program to others.

These findings will be discussed in terms of urgent needs to:
o Increase family awareness
o Increase professional/system awareness
o Increase protections within programs
o Increase protections within states (with regard to licensing/regulating, suspected child abuse reporting, and protection & advocacy)
o Conduct research / evaluation
o Provide resources & supports for youth & families who have been harmed

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Another Take on Wikipedia…this one’s in the New Yorker

Here’s what Stacy Schiff has to say in the New Yorker, in her article titled, “KNOW IT ALL: Can Wikipedia conquer expertise?”.

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FRANCES WALLACE on Complexity & Travel-Planning

Hi all-
Dean has encouraged me to share an email that I recently sent to 3 companions who will be traveling to NYC with me on Labor Day weekend. I was tasked with finding accommodations for us (rather last minute) that would allow all four us to stay in the same room or hotel. This has not been easy and I am now utterly frustrated with the “needs” of the group. My response to my companions is below…

I have to get practical application of complexity somewhere! Maybe, I do need some time off….:)

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FRANCES Writes:
I am doing my best to meet the requirements of the group given the following parameters (or as in complexity theory, the function of the system and the simple rules):

FUNCTION: Obtain NYC accommodations that would enable all 4 travelers to obtain shelter in the same room and/or building.

RULES:
1) Price range needs cannot exceed $265 for the weekend
2) A decent neighborhood
3) Access to bathrooms (some are ok with shared others want private)
4) Travelers must collaborate

So given the above simple rules, we are left with a few options.

1) We can abide by our simple rules and adapt our behaviors and schema to reach optimal fitness on our current system fitness landscape.

2) We can collectively decide to alter one of the above rules thus adjusting the system fitness landscape to fit our current behaviors and schema.

3) Choose not to adapt our behavior/schema nor the simple rules, increase anxiety, back away from collaboration, spiral into chaos, stagnate in a fitness valley instead of reaching a fitness peak, and have no place to stay when we arrive in NYC.

4) Change the function of the system to reflect the following:

Obtain NYC accommodations that would enable at least 2 travelers to obtain shelter in the same room and/or building.

RESPONSE FROM ONE COMPANION:
I have no idea what any of it means, I just need a place to sleep but, preferably with carpet…

FRANCES’ RESPONSE:
Your preference for carpet would indicate a recessive or shadow rule operating behind the scenes of the legitimate rules that have been established by the system. If your expression of the Carpet rule resonates with others, it may reach a tipping point of agreement through positive feedback processes and therefore become a part of the dominant/legitimate system. If however, your expression is not supported by others and suppressed through negative feedback processes it will remain recessive. At that point, you will have three options:

1) Conform to the system as is in behavior only. (Meaning that you will be OK with a room with no carpet, sleep on the floor but complain the whole time).

2) Conform to the system in both behavioral and schema change. (Meaning that you have heard the comments of the group regarding the unnecessary need for carpet and you have agreed and alter your behavior accordingly; thus learning has taken place).

3) In the fight between conformity and individualism, the need to be an individual wins. (Meaning, you say to hell with us all, execute free will, buck the system, and seek out carpeting).

Frances Wallace, MPH
National Implementation Research Network
Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute
University of South Florida

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